The Failed Bet on Reforms in Russia and China

Putin has no intention of respecting global norms, and China has avoided the path expected of it when it was admitted to the WTO in 2001.

The Failed Bet on Reforms in Russia and China

Putin has no intention of respecting global norms, and China has avoided the path expected of it when it was admitted to the WTO in 2001. The challenge for the West is to manage the risks posed by Russian nuclear weapons and China's centrality in the Global economy.

The invasion of Ukraine by Russian President Vladimir Putin and the growing authoritarianism of Chinese President Xi Jinping have belatedly awakened much of the planet to the failure of the geopolitical gamble made by the United States.


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